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Unit 2: Incoterms 2000 - Six Major Trade Terms# z9 M4 \3 F- [
FOB – FREE ON BOARD (…named port of shipment)7 J3 `; h( s, `3 s# |* V: `
“Free on Board” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the - h" l& J/ p1 R4 j" C
ship’s rail (越过船舷) at the named port of shipment (指定装运港). This means
8 I. B5 d3 u8 M# W+ |# uthat the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage (货物灭失及0 B' c! o& R* Y" U; q6 k" ~2 P6 Q
损坏的风险和费用) to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the . t! D- f% J* m8 h- Y1 j* T
seller to clear the goods for export (办理货物出口清关). This term can be used
5 [9 F' r% w( s n! V( {2 vonly for sea or inland waterway transport (海洋或内河运输).
7 H( f" l& B M E9 Y10. 句子:
! Z' J9 A" v9 m2 T8 l This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or
! N% r% E2 d) |' B! t( `5 G damage to the goods from that point. 句中:+ y" J" {- j/ d( `% ?# x1 y
10.1 bear = to support (a load or weight): 承担, 负担.7 \! {5 [- m, n- K4 f
10.2 from that point. d, e' s; l& X6 |/ G5 r% [' N
在教材的 p17 注释10中, 我们还发现有这样一些词:4 I3 Y a% f" Z6 T/ {
port 港口
* `+ |0 o( k( y place 地点: I6 {1 E& C( k( C$ y( A* B
point 点(INCOTERMS实指“具体地点”)
4 @; S( D- F- O* i& J premise 所在地(INCOTERMS实指“场所”)8 P' S! r/ T4 \5 S0 _) X3 J& F
说明:
4 c* c% {8 E7 A2 U8 ^" ~# j: g4 r 关于货物应当交付的地点,进出口商对货物交付时责任、费用、风险划分$ I; g2 R, b6 [- }% n0 ?
等,《通则》使用了不同的表述:
; t- ~) q- B. e4 v2 ~! e9 } 在仅适用海运和内河运输方式的术语时,使用“港口”名称,即 port;其他, C% A2 f0 O1 g0 `3 y- U2 z
情况下的使用地点,即 place.尤其 FCA, 当有必要指明港口或地点内的
5 K* v7 X+ x9 _: K# [ [; [6 `' { 某一“具体地点”时, 用 point, 而且卖方要提供交通工具.当交付货物的
+ x$ r) h. O7 [5 U7 J 具体地点是卖方的所在地时, 用 premise. 此时,卖方无义务提供交通# u9 G" \( Y) N( _3 w1 u0 C. W
工具, 但卖方有装载货物的义务.
- Y% T; s: j& A; h3 _11. 句子: The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 4 o& o0 k' `, |8 K" \
require = order, demand “要求,规定”, 正式用语,常用被动语态, 常用的搭配有:
! Q, r% p8 Q1 E, Q# m require sth (of sb),
/ E- ]! h2 U/ i require sb to do sth,
& q6 ?+ ? z* E4 ~9 t6 a1 m require that + 从句,
$ W X; x1 e0 D' w1 g: `" _12. 句子: This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. 句中:
6 N4 z; m1 ~2 K0 i% _ 12.1 inland 由前缀“-in”加 land 构成, 其中:
9 E' c6 o3 O% Q& u, }! H (1) -in = in or into (内,入内,在内). 再举一例: inside6 [; G: [% [; g0 S) S& A2 U ]1 v
(2) inland 基本上有两个意思:
7 @' t3 |2 @6 w3 ]) T 内地的,内陆的. 例如: inland towns (内陆城市)0 ?6 V- `- _2 @6 o" O2 |
国内的. 例如: inland trades (国内贸易)/ a* I* b: g* ?5 r! }% |8 B) J
12.2 waterway : 水路,航道,航路
% p5 u! ?6 [) {) M" ^ railway: 铁路,铁道
4 j7 k5 ?! X% \! J& q0 L% s( e roadway: 车道
8 M j( o8 a1 A/ ?+ @9 B1 j+ N highway: 公路,大道6 W% p* X# M$ Q8 i
subway: 地铁,通道
; o0 d& j3 E( r" v6 ? airway: 航线 & r1 K- H4 h: E( X# N$ S$ J
从这些词中我们是不是发现一些规律了呢?7 J; _9 `6 V9 a1 k6 a9 y' v
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