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Unit 4: International Cargo Transportation Insurance- h8 r1 e0 \ e4 [7 b3 Y4 f- s
1. 标题: what is cargo insurance 我们要了解一些基本词汇和其用法:: M: F& b% [! b1 u9 x2 B5 r& V+ m" v
1.1 insurer “保险人,承保人” (保险公司)
( |4 a) C: S9 x5 s# H9 r+ W7 u 1.2 the insured “被保险人,投保人”, 注意:前面有 the, (买方或卖方)& ~* w: w. Q# Q- h" ]& Z @" A
1.3 insure “投保,给…保险”, 动词7 m) b9 i! C( @* A
例如: We generally insure WPA on CIF sales.; L2 T& b8 [& ]$ y
译文: 按 CIF 价出售的货物,我们一般投保水渍险.
: N- j7 W+ R' Z' o g 注意: 注意介词的搭配 on CIF sales/ B2 M5 ~! Q+ B2 R
再如: We have insured WPA and against War Risk at 110% of the
8 [8 B, x4 t# E7 F3 B, e( z invoice cost.
. _+ C0 e* _- T4 W1 J) ]/ A, k 译文: 我们已按发票金额的110% 投保水渍险及战争险.
' C2 d1 x2 i9 O5 l 注意: “发票金额的110% ”有三种常见说法,务必记熟:, ]3 f' a6 w, S5 g \
(1) 110% of the invoice cost 或 110% of the invoice amount 或
! ` b) u: ~, I1 b 110% of the invoice value
% P, T$ I3 W7 ?$ v D1 N+ B (2) the invoice cost / amount / value plus 10%
& N/ @% O$ F7 u. H2 P (3) 10% over / beyond the invoice cost/ J( w1 f6 c) Q" M/ ?+ |
1.4 insurance “保险”,名词% D4 @! l) W+ e1 a
例如: We have covered the insurance on tablecloths against & Y- |0 @( i% f( v( i7 h
All Risks for 110% of the invoice value with PICC.
$ |7 g7 I; o# I, P4 N" V9 o: o4 w9 d9 B 译文: 我们已对台布按发票金额的110% 向中国人民保险公司投保一切险.
/ X) P9 Q# v. @0 _( [% `0 K$ R 注意1: 记熟这个结构: cover … on … against … for … with …
' K7 d- l2 y( I) _: G 注意2: 与动词的常见搭配: make insurance 或 effect insurance,
/ i$ U) o7 ^+ b. i, y- Y: G M 解释“投保”, }4 g0 D( d# A: ^* W/ Y; A
例如: We will effect insurance against All Risks.
( W# I2 R8 R! ?6 y) s4 c' ` 注意3: 其他词汇
: O7 \- b3 r7 X" v0 x (1) insurance fund 保险基金" M) l& K6 |9 [% U" O8 ?+ h
(2) insurance company 保险公司. p/ F7 [: T; t* I" ~: T! v t
(3) insurance contract 保险合同4 Y. V& T) P _. V7 c
(4) insurance clauses 保险条款/ Y2 l6 [5 o& m: {2 `1 k! t
(5) insurance period 保险期限/ v+ U# v9 e7 T2 J/ R
(6) insurance agent 保险代理人 `% S8 v2 K; H& n7 |" |
(7) insurance broker 保险经纪人6 k; C" H4 w1 N5 N% N4 O6 }
(8) insurance policy 保险单,俗称大保单,是一种正式的保险合同
* ?) s9 X% ]2 g: U- i (9) insurance certificate 保险凭条,俗称小保单,是一种简化的保险合同$ o9 z% Z6 N) c$ i1 r% B, X, S
(10) insurance amount 保险金额
% Q4 C% h) H" a" s, c (11) insurance premium 保险费
) s3 y; i* _' m0 U- _( J (12) full insurance 足额保险
6 u# y# y% ~2 X, Y4 a, S (13) marine insurance 海上保险7 D8 p% `1 l. _
(14) cargo insurance 货物保险% e k% I4 ~3 i6 Y; o4 I% j
1.5 policy “保险单, 保单”(保险业专门术语,同 insurance policy)
l5 T8 M; K5 m3 s! F' l (1) validity of policy 保险单的有效期
5 g: { t5 @, F$ J (2) valued policy 定值保险单
3 x7 d D. a; C7 v" [ (3) voyage policy 航次保险单4 p2 Z. X) ~) a0 t9 _
1.6 premium “保险费, 保费” (保险业专门术语, 同 insurance premium)( ]% t7 L! X! M) |) @0 H) s
(1) rate of premium 保险费率
5 ~/ z" J/ ]& h1 k (2) returns of premium 保险退费
+ f n( Y Y7 M 1.7 coverage “保险范围,保险项目(险别)”
1 ~: O8 F0 T3 B* c# E. L 例如: We will arrange coverage on your behalf. (代替你方投保)
6 Z" A" y) A( H1 z# }% B3 W 例如: The loss in question was beyond the coverage granted by us.
7 g. Y( r' A! s ^ (损失不在我们承保范围内)
% Y+ m8 ~; J# U K/ M4 d& E* D2. 句子: Insurance is essentially a contract between two parties, namely
5 x2 `! j( o7 s' D3 R! C; a the insurer and the insured.句中:! }( a" t7 B1 r! r
2.1 essentially = necessarily “必要地” 副词
( k# ?7 g a6 V: C) w) w 副词的位置: 副词应尽量放在靠近它所修饰的词.方式副词的位置在句中大体有1 o" D$ y1 h4 y) J4 Y4 f
以下几种情况:- r- N, j' ^1 W$ N' o' c4 }5 m& d1 ~ \
(1) 修饰形容词或其他副词时,副词通常放在它们的前面, enough 例外
: U0 r, n( m" S) ` 例如: The book is rather difficult for beginners.
4 w& g; y* x( e0 S, M" A 例如: He speaks Chinese very fluently.& P$ R1 ]/ v3 m3 ^$ _+ E5 c1 B s
(2) 修饰动词时,副词通常放在该动词或动宾结构的后面.3 Z& | \6 U, ]# Q! l8 ?( K( a2 {) u
例如: Eve left the room quietly.
, a( z! m* R" T (3) 修饰整个句子时,副词放在句子前, 常常用逗号分开.
8 [, r4 }; _6 W# G/ g' d 例如: Originally, a freight forwarder was a commission agent.
; f# v/ s1 [3 I" f, e (4) 表示确定性程度的副词,如: certainly, obviously, definitely, clearly 等,7 S- x7 g, a9 ~; O8 G" h" ] W6 x
如果动词是 be 动词,可以放于 be 动词之后, 这些词也可以放于句首' i& v5 L# t+ o* o( D# L8 _
或句尾, 注意后两者位于句首的情况比较少见.1 V0 s* N* q4 h* d
课文中的例子属于第四种情况.
8 r. G* d6 [9 I. \, D* L! }& K 2.2 namely = that is 解释“即,就是”
9 @+ U) y9 j: p. h% x8 j8 ^7 _. l/ ~: k. V5 f9 z7 l6 {
3. 句子:
" Q5 M$ }8 P% W# x, P The insurer agrees to meet the financial consequence of certain events,
( C+ E" `! E/ ~% ^( M within specified limits, that could befall the other party.
) O2 t. k! a3 M% c: v' L 3.1 meet the financial consequence of certain events
: y) e2 o# ~- {5 k1 c! `2 j meet: 在商务范围里,常见的解释有:
+ \/ X2 Y6 ^1 i S6 S (1) 负担 (责任,费用)
% C* A2 i! X: \$ w4 E) K/ M 例如: We would like to meet all expenses in connection with the s7 Q* h7 C6 U* I' W
return of the goods. + }' L' }$ ]1 g% p: a
译文: 我们愿意承担退回该批货物的一切费用.
. G0 n6 z, o. x) a (2) 满足 (需要)
. d. p. X$ |' J9 } E2 M 例如: The manufacturers find it impossible to meet the current
5 v7 j4 P! A, f; l, J2 e9 E demand / your request for this type.
5 ]# F y5 l: i u* q 注意: 横杠的字是经常可能会出现的字词.. V4 k' g! k8 f4 O; P
3.2 consequence 后果
% p* ~2 _2 @+ k J' m, }+ r+ k5 s' ?" S 3.3 certain 某个,某种.
$ A' |9 f) p r3 R g 例如: for a certain reason (为了某种理由)) ?) F- B9 I* h: a) z7 _
例如: on certain conditions (附带某种条件)
( D$ o* t; T6 Z0 Y 3.4 within specified limits 在规定的范围内' J/ u; @6 ~% q+ H; F; _7 ^
3.5 befall = happen 遭遇,发生(尤其是指不幸的事情)
# K7 ?% k# V1 b9 f# m; g* Y* @ 3.6 本句的主旨是:“保险人承保货物保险以后,对于被保险货物在运输过程中- S3 F* Y! i! V9 o4 S+ f
发生的承保范围内的损失给予投保人一定的经济补偿.” ) C: o k- Y2 ]4 {) Q: `- e
字面的意思是:保险公司同意承担发生某些事件的经济后果, 只要这些事件
9 U* z* T/ N! K* ` 是在规定的范围之列, 而这些损失则发生在买方或卖方身上. 这和后文的' V( V- L3 L( B) J4 a9 m5 x
保险公司要收取保费, 买方或卖方同意支付保费成立了因果关联.$ c$ R, J. s8 }% g
4. 句子:' K' k, _& l: H9 D
The insured agrees to pay the premium, in order to secure the financial
( j- s4 }: d a$ ~ assistance of the insurer for the risks specified in the contract.句中:
/ T: D' F' t( O+ [- M& G secure = succeed in getting sth. (经过一番努力以后)获得,取得
0 \( C+ Q$ Q7 u5 n9 q3 P7 d
$ _ h* U3 f' Y5 k: \, b1 }, ? 进出口商甘愿支付保费的目的是:获得保险公司的经济援助, 保险公司根据合同中
# M7 ]+ l5 R4 u R 约定的具体风险的划分标准, 给予投保人一方补偿.6 x* q2 Y6 o* {1 R; x Q& y: O
5. 句子:
6 ~* t4 ^ T+ r; x* N6 Q( i w It is essentially a contract between an insurance company or an insurance 1 S7 R9 S l2 S9 a; x, p; @
broker and the owner of cargo or a representative acting on behalf of the
2 Q' x( N6 W, b" m# H6 a c4 i owner., ?! l5 L8 r$ e
我们把句子细拆就明白了:
# J% ?' P+ B* N/ k& O (1) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and the
# m7 D- O I" n1 O8 P# o: p owner of cargo.
" S2 g& p7 F. N3 \9 ~ 保险公司和货主之间订立的保险合同.
3 s/ ^7 L+ |! z. y/ G (2) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and a
4 ^9 _' D" P4 `# C7 j, \) a6 E representative acting on behalf of the owner.
" A3 q1 u! C& t 保险公司和货代之间订立的保险合同.
' X" q8 l. q5 R+ } (3) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and the 0 B) C" k1 l# K
owner of cargo.
) _+ A( d. L! X9 X9 W( d 保险经纪人和货主之间订立的保险合同. p* T" I. s8 m& Q( K+ l. d2 r
(4) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and a % V/ F# I7 A4 |9 g3 K% G% W
representative acting on behalf of the owner.
& w" |3 \! D- q# L" r 保险经纪人和货代之间订立的保险合同.
4 O$ |1 E: J7 ~( d1 S5 h0 i: Q6. 句子:
4 O$ A4 b ^6 w& c& t$ j e+ V In view of commercial risks faced by the cargo owner, it is prudent to
) |6 d t) q* u* u insure the cargo in transit.
" o$ k, F& K! v z2 W 6.1 in view of 鉴于,由于 前半句的意思是: 鉴于货主面所将临到的种种商业风险,…
% h$ u3 N2 Z: R3 P( ~0 I 6.2 prudent = careful 审慎的,三思而后行的9 l2 E% F# j; G/ `5 I7 D( E4 t @
: [) \% E1 _* _! l& Y- K5 Y7. 句子:
( i! m3 l5 n/ Z3 I9 T f8 G It also follows that it becomes an important duty for a responsible 8 q- x0 w/ K0 |! V! D1 h
and efficient freight forwarder to advise his clients to insure their cargo ; H" b, y! F/ _" J
or to check with them if he has no such instructions or information " i( _7 w$ {, }! Y
when he is handling goods.
. }) j5 Z- h) I4 D w3 m 这是一句形式宾语的句子,所以,理解的关键在宾语上,我们把宾语简化成:' M: F. T) Q( ?+ H' c+ Z4 m" \! b
it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo.% t" X/ w7 ?- s" w4 F
或者
: I) W. E+ f9 n it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such
6 d6 s5 e: N' t instructions or information when he is handling goods.
3 {3 N% i$ _: y* E; X 7.1
7 R6 D+ A9 n# e; m5 a it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo.7 S0 `. _2 I- |0 g& h. r& f* j0 i/ h
= To advise his clients to insure their cargo becomes an important duty.# O3 O& V1 }- A
8 c2 ?3 I* v$ [, F, x
意思是:通知他的客户(client)替他们的货物投保是一件很重要的职责.2 q; _+ k+ S; o
我们再补上for a responsible and efficient freight forwarder 一段,
q5 H* t1 U k4 h9 O- c 主语就出来了,即:
6 n1 x3 B7 t F8 e 对于一个能干的(efficient)并有责任心的(responsible)货运代理来说,…, : s# S7 k) s, Y5 U
同理,4 b- n Y$ F% H' O$ @ d! P
7.2
+ }6 \$ W* a/ _- X X it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such
& ?& u: ^- ^% P instructions or information when he is handling goods.
" s4 D3 T- c) | G/ {# ~) t = To check with them if he has no such instructions or information
& R' u: P+ i; u" [1 N! z% S when he is handling goods becomes an important duty.
8 w7 n6 W9 W% q! g1 i 意思是:当处理货物的时候,如果没有收到客户投保的任何指示或消息的时候,& Q. T5 k% ]' R, @) i& f
要及时告诉客户并与之核对情况.# `: D7 y' k9 X1 i9 |4 D
(1) check with them = check with his clients 与…核对
; B/ r4 j9 D, A; \/ t (2) handle的解释通常有:$ P% f0 B- U1 o, s) c
① 处理,管理: He is handling this problem.
* J, `% o/ P. a, ?- W+ C ② 买卖,经营: We handle spare parts for motor cars.
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