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Unit 4: International Cargo Transportation Insurance
5 v2 L, g# G, {, d1. 标题: what is cargo insurance 我们要了解一些基本词汇和其用法:& s9 \3 b2 F+ I' w# x
1.1 insurer “保险人,承保人” (保险公司)
: f% B# h! S+ C, e2 n: B/ V 1.2 the insured “被保险人,投保人”, 注意:前面有 the, (买方或卖方)# d7 N" ?+ I! G5 j
1.3 insure “投保,给…保险”, 动词4 C% @ K/ S& i
例如: We generally insure WPA on CIF sales.; f9 H7 C d" N5 ~
译文: 按 CIF 价出售的货物,我们一般投保水渍险.9 O& [" X" x, h+ Y: E1 E5 ]1 h
注意: 注意介词的搭配 on CIF sales( x0 L# M3 j* o) i3 i+ q
再如: We have insured WPA and against War Risk at 110% of the
1 u2 T1 z) I' @! d, f invoice cost.
( x1 U) O9 ^% J8 B/ E# [ 译文: 我们已按发票金额的110% 投保水渍险及战争险. q) H: j6 \+ P# _) V, J+ ^
注意: “发票金额的110% ”有三种常见说法,务必记熟:. J. @2 U9 t/ O: M9 ?' I& }
(1) 110% of the invoice cost 或 110% of the invoice amount 或
7 F+ m2 ?! k3 m0 V3 _3 R 110% of the invoice value
4 `! Q2 K$ B+ E0 ^4 _ (2) the invoice cost / amount / value plus 10%* E" g- x( N4 l, P) |. E* {& G
(3) 10% over / beyond the invoice cost M: f8 ~! x6 L- V4 Q) W) e o
1.4 insurance “保险”,名词
* G: b" z' t* T- a 例如: We have covered the insurance on tablecloths against ! ^. u* X. R8 A
All Risks for 110% of the invoice value with PICC.! v' j% h4 t' N& s
译文: 我们已对台布按发票金额的110% 向中国人民保险公司投保一切险.
8 R4 v6 ]/ h/ @# e. G- E8 W 注意1: 记熟这个结构: cover … on … against … for … with …
v0 k5 Q- R7 D5 O1 p 注意2: 与动词的常见搭配: make insurance 或 effect insurance,
. K5 @+ y2 c! }6 V6 `0 g 解释“投保”3 b ^' E0 K* i/ |1 Q" `& V
例如: We will effect insurance against All Risks.
0 T8 ?) J6 `) E 注意3: 其他词汇
7 \ e; e& V8 j$ e) E3 u/ @ (1) insurance fund 保险基金, p/ n" G& K3 B5 F% P b1 V
(2) insurance company 保险公司' Y7 h; J8 ]2 D5 {" |4 \
(3) insurance contract 保险合同
0 J8 k, f9 M' d5 F# ^ (4) insurance clauses 保险条款 M4 \" E; h' q0 R; g
(5) insurance period 保险期限
* K$ B) {% ]: l! ] (6) insurance agent 保险代理人7 D8 L: a1 H" o" X/ |
(7) insurance broker 保险经纪人+ O% F6 B# F+ @- _$ C+ \8 p
(8) insurance policy 保险单,俗称大保单,是一种正式的保险合同
0 c: b, N. I& v8 T. d (9) insurance certificate 保险凭条,俗称小保单,是一种简化的保险合同" v+ N; j/ Y, G( K4 i
(10) insurance amount 保险金额
( O9 y' c5 ~1 w8 q% V& e+ _ (11) insurance premium 保险费
+ J! r( u E* }0 o9 z+ o; X& N4 K (12) full insurance 足额保险
) C) o1 r& o( g# | (13) marine insurance 海上保险) ?. ^7 S3 ~, j
(14) cargo insurance 货物保险, ~( A- g' l. r% |9 p
1.5 policy “保险单, 保单”(保险业专门术语,同 insurance policy)
. F1 j3 ? r4 G2 Z S8 \; t! \ (1) validity of policy 保险单的有效期; d# h) E" |& H6 X; e
(2) valued policy 定值保险单9 G2 Q, w" u; F4 a6 p- D/ Y7 s
(3) voyage policy 航次保险单- [5 y. @# q. Q" C$ W3 U# D
1.6 premium “保险费, 保费” (保险业专门术语, 同 insurance premium)/ U, S! X4 U) k
(1) rate of premium 保险费率
. ?: M, Q* W# y8 ^8 G/ q" i* ? (2) returns of premium 保险退费; o1 Y1 u, y- {6 t3 S* n, Y; i
1.7 coverage “保险范围,保险项目(险别)”
6 J' S2 |9 q) `3 M' C# U+ [ 例如: We will arrange coverage on your behalf. (代替你方投保)8 Q1 j0 Q# ~/ Y p0 \! x; u
例如: The loss in question was beyond the coverage granted by us. ' M( P' Q% l+ r8 e) c% G
(损失不在我们承保范围内)
& J7 L! |! v; b# q2 f% r" R2. 句子: Insurance is essentially a contract between two parties, namely
) _: b( E3 n2 B, M3 M, V. R6 X1 \0 ^ the insurer and the insured.句中:
7 v; _2 ]9 @+ G5 W% O ?8 _ 2.1 essentially = necessarily “必要地” 副词
$ n5 q# T5 T2 {6 S# U* @! W: r4 {4 o 副词的位置: 副词应尽量放在靠近它所修饰的词.方式副词的位置在句中大体有7 _% k, L% I3 O( B
以下几种情况:# G% L. u7 I+ P+ G) d5 M& X
(1) 修饰形容词或其他副词时,副词通常放在它们的前面, enough 例外0 \3 p( F( Z+ C/ m4 A, j
例如: The book is rather difficult for beginners.
0 b2 [. Y" U4 Y5 ]$ b 例如: He speaks Chinese very fluently.- N2 x$ ~3 O7 B6 \, \* h0 M
(2) 修饰动词时,副词通常放在该动词或动宾结构的后面.3 K' V, E( s9 a' s: l$ ~
例如: Eve left the room quietly.2 E, t2 i( ?1 g3 R9 z
(3) 修饰整个句子时,副词放在句子前, 常常用逗号分开.! F2 {* s, h3 z) x! E V, W% E
例如: Originally, a freight forwarder was a commission agent.
6 B& U( y/ Z. P (4) 表示确定性程度的副词,如: certainly, obviously, definitely, clearly 等,+ w" B9 d8 e5 o. r1 u
如果动词是 be 动词,可以放于 be 动词之后, 这些词也可以放于句首
4 b: R* }* R# q3 M9 J 或句尾, 注意后两者位于句首的情况比较少见.: H$ a: r* \$ u4 H3 l
课文中的例子属于第四种情况.
$ ]( K6 F0 z% z, g0 I; ]4 ?: ] 2.2 namely = that is 解释“即,就是”
/ ]" @: E/ K+ e' C
/ M q" ]+ a* V! C' m3. 句子:
* w- ]1 n- Z5 G' G The insurer agrees to meet the financial consequence of certain events,
; J8 r$ Q$ A4 Q, }( i within specified limits, that could befall the other party.; ~/ d6 {; |; W( n4 r2 I
3.1 meet the financial consequence of certain events
2 N! G3 L: i/ Z7 k1 i8 C( i! Q meet: 在商务范围里,常见的解释有:, N7 |9 l' ~1 ]' C- B) B% k
(1) 负担 (责任,费用). F: _! f3 R9 M" s
例如: We would like to meet all expenses in connection with the 8 ], x$ {1 j! m3 Y6 M0 E$ ?2 k
return of the goods. 9 C, T! j1 }, O- t @ B( F
译文: 我们愿意承担退回该批货物的一切费用.
( l. I% e) m$ ]4 H (2) 满足 (需要)4 f# p# X7 k: Z
例如: The manufacturers find it impossible to meet the current + S) P& y* E4 t( z5 y" P
demand / your request for this type." M2 W `, l' `
注意: 横杠的字是经常可能会出现的字词.
# h9 ]5 a# r g3 i2 ]( X 3.2 consequence 后果7 R) @ {7 W- s% r0 Y3 J% R
3.3 certain 某个,某种.
g% }/ P/ Q' S( u, L! s h 例如: for a certain reason (为了某种理由)
. W# H5 l# a# _8 n' F: i T 例如: on certain conditions (附带某种条件)3 W; a( N2 `4 J) x9 N7 v
3.4 within specified limits 在规定的范围内8 g8 W0 x. p! @" M! c
3.5 befall = happen 遭遇,发生(尤其是指不幸的事情)
; v6 h9 y6 R) A8 k" q B! I 3.6 本句的主旨是:“保险人承保货物保险以后,对于被保险货物在运输过程中( ?" J. e& q6 I2 N5 G, |
发生的承保范围内的损失给予投保人一定的经济补偿.” b7 m0 v$ s) p- o
字面的意思是:保险公司同意承担发生某些事件的经济后果, 只要这些事件. c- G. i- q+ p* u ~( t6 d# |) D
是在规定的范围之列, 而这些损失则发生在买方或卖方身上. 这和后文的2 c( n }* ~1 H% q+ i# o
保险公司要收取保费, 买方或卖方同意支付保费成立了因果关联.
- ]' b; j0 M( A/ d$ M/ R5 D4. 句子:
- B7 A$ C7 @( b0 F8 }! Q3 I The insured agrees to pay the premium, in order to secure the financial * t" k& \6 _3 p0 d
assistance of the insurer for the risks specified in the contract.句中:- M" V4 \6 `0 K$ P, A3 W7 J0 G/ i
secure = succeed in getting sth. (经过一番努力以后)获得,取得
* p3 ]- q, P% E+ X
3 @0 ]* l. H/ H; a S 进出口商甘愿支付保费的目的是:获得保险公司的经济援助, 保险公司根据合同中9 S8 X+ o6 _3 G9 }
约定的具体风险的划分标准, 给予投保人一方补偿.
8 s' g. P5 h2 i. K: x7 p3 Q' c& z5 J5. 句子:
- J8 A2 d2 q1 {5 S6 v$ O' u/ C6 b" c It is essentially a contract between an insurance company or an insurance ) V; w3 v- g6 s8 S3 `
broker and the owner of cargo or a representative acting on behalf of the ; i1 e8 @: Q7 y- F7 S: @) i. l. g
owner.# s6 F) b2 D5 F+ j5 P/ q
我们把句子细拆就明白了:( B. v7 f. O6 k9 `8 ~: e) ] |) h
(1) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and the
7 z6 M2 i5 X9 u* \ owner of cargo.
) l3 X5 c; p! {, g 保险公司和货主之间订立的保险合同.' W/ _; l8 V6 l" c/ \% n
(2) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and a
4 a% r7 c* h; i6 n representative acting on behalf of the owner.
) ^) n: u8 n4 k( @5 d+ h 保险公司和货代之间订立的保险合同.
9 |$ F/ q! x4 L& @0 H" N+ X5 y (3) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and the ( ]" L0 N2 ]9 P/ |6 z8 g
owner of cargo. ( @/ t, A- r( S$ l
保险经纪人和货主之间订立的保险合同.
+ `3 m) `; S! D( x (4) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and a
( M+ S1 W7 [* D$ `, a representative acting on behalf of the owner. # M3 Z1 x% A9 ?6 j; B$ W
保险经纪人和货代之间订立的保险合同.% T9 J# \2 {/ y J% d& b/ e0 N
6. 句子:' A ~2 S3 B1 e- R
In view of commercial risks faced by the cargo owner, it is prudent to . i8 a$ J5 n7 z/ C m
insure the cargo in transit.# ~* V9 k' ^$ ]( i( C+ T; C0 @2 \
6.1 in view of 鉴于,由于 前半句的意思是: 鉴于货主面所将临到的种种商业风险,…8 O8 i2 t5 ?) f1 k
6.2 prudent = careful 审慎的,三思而后行的: `9 Z# g3 _; K& H8 I4 L5 p9 Z
, Y' y5 {0 F# l+ O( e+ f7. 句子:: c2 L' \& ?& _, w9 @- q \; G
It also follows that it becomes an important duty for a responsible / _3 A: `* P) a5 L2 x* k0 H. U! a$ a" _
and efficient freight forwarder to advise his clients to insure their cargo
2 d3 k m0 f: A/ [ u or to check with them if he has no such instructions or information $ s! J( s6 d1 B9 h
when he is handling goods.
8 K8 P% A$ T: S. Y1 Q& a4 r 这是一句形式宾语的句子,所以,理解的关键在宾语上,我们把宾语简化成:
j: E. o4 H, z9 x! T6 h8 u it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo., R. h' t0 U6 f" b T
或者
& A% y( ?5 s- u! t it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such 5 x# h# \1 B5 b2 b9 r, q
instructions or information when he is handling goods.
$ b+ {& u' h4 I0 {. ] 7.1
5 Z7 \: X) I; u- d' `% V& B7 d it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo.
. C; H2 G ^7 W. b- |' \ }4 @ = To advise his clients to insure their cargo becomes an important duty.& o' Q% P( n2 O1 Y' e0 R9 e
9 g# K3 I' V: C! z; P2 l 意思是:通知他的客户(client)替他们的货物投保是一件很重要的职责.) I: c. |. W9 Z$ U! A5 u' a; A
我们再补上for a responsible and efficient freight forwarder 一段,
, [! g- a6 V& Q: S3 s4 Z6 w0 I& i 主语就出来了,即:4 B! Z1 {$ G% j. ^' x
对于一个能干的(efficient)并有责任心的(responsible)货运代理来说,…,
, W4 o' y$ W- J l4 |/ `0 N 同理,; |' }( Q, e% C5 J9 E `( M
7.2 ' @3 o2 ^5 U4 g( G
it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such
: k) I3 O1 q. @ instructions or information when he is handling goods. ) P; f7 J/ o/ I6 m
= To check with them if he has no such instructions or information
' K8 z9 a; I3 @5 E0 [, T3 r when he is handling goods becomes an important duty.! V; _& Y! C5 l6 o0 _6 ^0 ~
意思是:当处理货物的时候,如果没有收到客户投保的任何指示或消息的时候,4 k% n% N6 E2 f0 W7 i
要及时告诉客户并与之核对情况." [5 D4 _8 f, l' u. k" G! y$ W) X
(1) check with them = check with his clients 与…核对: J9 _3 V; Y/ _3 H
(2) handle的解释通常有:2 |- [# i8 ]6 A1 [9 P
① 处理,管理: He is handling this problem.
% _. ?' Q/ `! g3 e2 i4 x ② 买卖,经营: We handle spare parts for motor cars.2 ]9 z/ E! y! D6 F3 b! K
( N0 `1 r1 r9 T8 G
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